Research Thesis On Gabriel Garcia Marquez English Literature Essay free essay sample

Gabriel Garcia Marquez has a manner of composing that depicts events taking topographic point around him in a phantasmagoric manner. In the short narrative A Very Old adult male with Enormous Wingss, Garcia introduces a adult male with feathery wings that may be considered an angel by characters in the narrative. Garcia have seen his fatherland, Colombia, put through violent rebellions and political battles and this makes him no alien to tactics, gambits and force that is normally associated with political discord, hence he uses this background as secret plans in some of his narratives. In this narrative, human behaviour is analyzed by character s violent inclinations every bit good as presentation of how authorization can damage freedom of look. It appears that his positions are political, with characters exposing inhumane behaviour and really strong charming pragmatism in his literary component, particularly in the narrative A Very Old Man with Enormous Wingss. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Thesis On Gabriel Garcia Marquez English Literature Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this narrative, a villager by the name of Pelayo finds an old adult male with big wings on his belongings after he went to dispose of some pediculosis pubis that had overran his pace. He and his married woman affect other small town members in their quest to happen out who or what this old adult male truly is. After it was established that the old adult male was an angel by the small town, the small town priest tried to utilize assorted tactics at his disposal to authenticate this while funny people from all about came to see the winged old adult male. Pelayo and his married woman Elisenda became rich after bear downing people to see the winged old adult male who they kept in a poulet henhouse. Peoples expected miracles of which the old adult male seems to execute some, though indirectly. Finally the wonder ebbs when a carnival comes to the small town. In this carnival was a adult female who was turned into a big spider because she went to a dance against her parent s wants. Old a ges passed before the old adult male with wings, who lived with Pelayo and his married woman in their new house, gained adequate strength and height to merely merely wing off in the distance one twenty-four hours. In many literary circles, Garcia s bent for construction in the life of the characters in his narratives helps readers to understand the true kernel of magical pragmatism. As a kid turning up in Aracataca, Colombia, his grandma and aunts told him many narratives of local myths that seemed to take the immature Garcia to different degrees of human enterprises. His gramps besides told him narratives of the Colombian Civil War which Garcia grew to love, particularly when it appears the immature Garcia seemed to believe fantasy elements and world can entwine. In the really rubric of the narrative, An Very Old Man with Enormous Wingss, ( 319 ) readers are introduced and rather intrigued as to what this could perchance be. This is where Garcia means to present an entity that as a adult male, readers can link with, but the add-on of Enormous Wingss, seems to bespeak many facets of what this adult male is, viz. an angel. Angels in some faiths are known to hold wings, the wings are normall y proportionate to their organic structures here Garcia uses Enormous which may bespeak this angel has great importance, or may hold a profound consequence on characters in the narrative. This narrative is set in a small town and since Garcia grew up in a small town, most of the narrative s scene is patterned after small town life ( no hustling and bustling of large metropolis life ) which contributes to readers connexion with the cardinal characters, the old adult male, Pelayo and Elisa. This connexion with the characters and the scene is foremost established here: He had to travel really near to see that it was an old adult male, a really old adult male, lying face down in the clay, who, in malice of his enormous attempts, could nt acquire up, im- peded by his tremendous wings. ( 320 ) Garcia brings readers into a universe that as the narrative unfolds ; the fantasy component becomes realistic when the narrative s images are reinforced with logical actions and emotions. A adult male lying face down in clay is non one of beatific grace, but normally signifies a derelict or person who may me ache, yet the old adult male has wings! In Genevieve Slomski s article analysis, she indicates: In the concluding analysis, the text offers no rational account for the puzzling adult male. Garcia did non stipulate the old adult male was an existent angel, but by utilizing characters such as the neighbour who Pelayo and his married woman foremost called to happen out what the old adult male was all about: He s an angel, she told them. ( 320 ) , readers are led to believe the supporter is an angel. Garcia became influenced by literary greats like William Faulkner, Franz Kafka, Joseph Conrad, and Ernest Hemingway, but by the clip he wrote the narrative A Very Old Man with Enormous Wingss, in 1968, he was already an established author in the Latin American communities of the universe. His manner of composing led to him being known in literary circles as one of the laminitiss of the Magical Realism. The manner he mixes imaginativeness and world in this peculiar narrative suggests a adult male whose head at least knows no human boundaries. Most of his literary parts to the universe are non like this, ironically. His works largely included political issues, societal commentaries, unknoting awful political secret plans and tactics and every bit mentioned before inhumane behaviour society sometimes demo towards each other that he has lived through. This may take some readers to inquire why he changed to the charming pragmatism that is portrayed in this peculiar narrative A Very Ol d Man with Enormous Wingss. Harmonizing to an essay in Magill s Survey of World Literature, Revised Edition that was written by Jean C. Fulton on Garcia s life, Garcia was quoted as stating Style is determined by capable, by the temper of the times. Does this stress that he may travel in a different way with each narrative he writes, because his temper may swing? This statement surely does bespeak that, and based on other narratives by Garcia that may non embrace charming pragmatism, e.g. political undertones, natural and grittiness, as portrayed in narratives like This Town of Shit, and One Hundred Old ages of Solitude, it can be assessed that Garcia s head was in a phantasmagoric universe at the clip he wrote A Very Old Man with Enormous Wingss. Garcia was good known to be intrigued with William Faulkner s manner of making his childhood into fabulous yesteryear. This may hold led to Garcia composing this peculiar narrative, but the two manners do non portion a batch in co mmon. Garcia besides has a bent for casting visible radiation on people who seemed to hold more bad lucks than success in their being: The most unfortunate shut-ins on Earth came in hunt of wellness: a hapless adult female who since childbearing had been numbering her pulses and had ran out of num- bersaˆÂ ¦ . ( 322 ) Could this be the consequence of some of the atrociousnesss he saw the banana workers experienced when he was really immature? While it may be difficult to reply, readers can theorize that Garcia manner of composing in relation to A Very Old Man with Enormous Wingss may do readers to believe in footings of symbolic narrative, parable, and fable, harmonizing to Ronald E. McFarland in his work in Surveies in Short Fiction ; Fall 92, Vol. 29, p 551. It would look that Garcia had more in common with characters like these than people of higher position. The neighbour adult female that was one of the first after Pelayo and Elisandro found the old adult male with wings momently took attending off from the supporter Against the judgement of the wise neighbour adult female, for whom angels in those times were fleeting subsisters of a heavenly conspiracyaˆÂ ¦ ( 320-21 ) here is a character that would that had no official station ( other than being a neighbour ) but advises the twos ome to make injury to the old adult male. Why? The transition indicates she believes he may be a Fallen Angel and they likely deserve no human commiseration. Father Gonzaga, the small town priest, rather perchance shared the same sentiments as the neighbour adult female for the old adult male. This is the debut by Garcia of a individual of position, one who represented faith, but doubted the belief of the people that the old adult male was an angel. The old adult male was being treated inhumanely, yet the priest did nil much to relieve his state of affairs He was lying in a corner drying his unfastened wings in the sunshine among the fruit Peels and breakfast leftovers that the early risers had thrown him. ( 321 ) Garcia s commonalty here was when he was in college in his younger old ages, he wandered the streets of Bogota hanging with some societal misfits, even though they belonged to some kind of literary circle. Garcia is trying to convey to illume in A Very Old Man with Enor mous Wingss that persons who are different are non treated the same as one would handle a neighbour, an associate or another fellow homo being from the same environment. The characters that were considered different like the old man- the acrobat with wings that looked more like a sidereal chiropteran, the carnival adult female that had the signifier of a spider, etc. , were meant rather perchance by Garcia to deviate readers inquisitiveness as to what the old adult male truly was and his existent intent. Reading the narrative for the first clip may convey incomprehensiveness to readers because of the characters and the functions they seem to play in the subject of the narrative. Is Garcia seeking to direct a message to readers with this fable? It was already established that charming pragmatism in the mid 60 s was going a norm in literary circles, so Garcia s purpose when he wrote and had the narrative published was to alarm readers to pay close attending to regulations and ordinances when they are applied to happenings that may look unnatural, despite his logical thinking that his narratives reflect the tempers he was in when he was composing them.

Challenges of Developing Economies

The Top 14 Miracle on 34th Street Quotes

The Top 14 'Miracle on 34th Street' Quotes Do you remember the most memorable quotes from Miracle on 34th Street? If you grew up watching this  feel-good 1947 Christmas classic, as many people did, you no doubt have retained the basic plotline of the film. Or, you may be familiar with the 1994  theatrical remake. Edmund Gwenn stars, in an outstanding performance, as Kris Kringle- the benevolent Santa Claus. Christmas time, however, has become a commercial racket where shoppers try to get the best deals and stores outdo each other in attracting consumers. This movie spins that a bit and brings a whole lot of fun and entertainment. But, over time, the most touching  lines in the film may have escaped your memory, unless youre a particularly die-hard fan. Relive the film, and your childhood, with these Miracle on 34th Street quotes. Faith, Commercialism, and Santa on 34th Street Kris KringleOh, Christmas isnt just a day, its a frame of mind... and thats whats been changing. Thats why Im glad Im here, maybe I can do something about it. Fred GaileyLook Doris, someday youre going to find that your way of facing this realistic world just doesnt work. And when you do, dont overlook those lovely intangibles. Youll discover those are the only things that are worthwhile. Susan WalkerI believe... I believe... Its silly, but I believe. Susan WalkerIf youre really Santa Claus, you can get it for me. And if you cant, youre only a nice man with a white beard, like mother says. Fred GaileyAll my life Ive wondered something, and nows my chance to find out. Im going to find the answer to a question thats puzzled the world for centuries. Does Santa Claus sleep with his whiskers outside or in? Kris KringleNow wait a minute, Susie. Just because every child cant get his wish that doesnt mean there isnt a Santa Claus. Susan WalkerYou mean its like, If at first you dont succeed, try, try again. Kris KringleTo market, to market, to buy a fat pig! Home again, home again, jiggety-jig. To market, to market, to buy a fat hog! Home again, home again, jiggety... Doris WalkerFaith is believing in things when common sense tells you not to. Doris WalkerSusan, I speak French, but that does not make me Joan of Arc. Doris WalkerAnd by filling them full of fairy tales they grow up considering life a fantasy instead of reality. Mr. ShellhammerI just know that with that man on the throne my department will sell more toys than it ever has. I just feel it. AlfredThere is a lot of bad isms floating around this world and one of the worst is commercialism. Charles HalloranAll right, you go back and tell them that the New York State Supreme Court rules theres no Santa Claus. Its all over the papers. The kids read it and they dont hang up their stockings.

Mary the Jewess, First Known Alchemist

Mary the Jewess, First Known Alchemist Mary the Jewess (around 0-200 CE) was the first known alchemist in history. She lived in Eygpt and invented processes and apparatuses that were used for centuries after that. Her story became something of a legend in later Arabic and Christian writings. Life and History Occupation: Alchemist, inventor Also known as: Maria Hebraea, Maria Prophetissima, Maria Prophetissa, Maria the Hebrew, Miriam the Prophetess; Mariya the Sage; Mary the Prophetess (16th and 17th centuries) Early source: 4th-century alchemist Zosimos of Panopolis, who called her the sister of Moses Mary the Jewess and her alchemical contributions are documented by Zosimos of Panopolis in his text Peri kaminon kai organon (On Furnaces and Apparatuses), which may be itself based on a text by Mary. He also quotes her extensively in The Coloring of Precious Stones. According to Zosimus and later renderings of Marias writings, alchemy was like sexual reproduction, with different metals being male and female. She described the oxidation of metals and saw in that process the possibility of transforming base metals into gold. The saying credited to Mary the Jewess, Join the male and the female, and you will find what is sought, was used by Carl Jung. Later Writings About Mary the Jewess Variations on the story of Mary are told in sources after Zosimus. The church father Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis, mentions two writings by Mary the Jewess, Great Questions and Small Questions, where he credits her with a vision of Jesus. Marys story is also retold in Arabic writings where she is supposedly both a contemporary of Jesus (having carried the infant Jesus) and Ostanes, a Persian brother-in-law of Xerxes, who lived about 500 BCE. Legacy The name of Mary the Jewess survives in two terms used in chemistry. The water-bath, a term used for both a process and a device, is also called in Romance languages the bain-marie or baà ±o maria. The term is still used in cooking today. The bain-marie uses heat from water in a surrounding vessel to keep a consistent temperature, something like a double boiler. Marys black is also named for Mary the Jewess.  Marys black is a black sulfide coating on metal which is produced using the process of kerotakis. Mary the Jewess also invented and described the alchemical apparatus and process called the kerotakis and another apparatus called the tribokos. Bibliography Raphael Patai. The Jewish Alchemists: A History and Source Book. Mary the Jewess p. 60-80, and Zosimus on Maria the Jewess p. 81-93.Jack Lindsay. The Origins of Alchemy in Graeoc-Roman Egypt. 1970s.â€Å"Maria the Jewess: An Inventor of Alchemy.† ×”× ¡Ã— ¤Ã— ¨Ã—™×™×” ×”×Å"× Ã—•×ž×™× ª, web.nli.org.il/sites/NLI/English/library/reading_corner/Pages/maria_the_jewess.aspx.

Importance of Parental Involvement in Education Research Paper

Importance of Parental Involvement in Education - Research Paper Example A significant proportion of parents is unable to display a keen interest in the education of the children; consequently, children not only put aside their responsibilities related to studies but also turn out to be unable to complete their primary education even. Additionally, lack of parental support and guidance leads the children towards choosing the subjects that are not appropriate ones according to their innate skills, tendencies, aptitudes and inclinations; as a result, they feel themselves entirely misfit for the professions their qualification offers to them. Hence, parental support is vehemently essential for the educational, moral and professional growth and uplift of the children. Parents are not only source of inspiration, security and affection for the children, but also serve as the regularity authority to keep the children away from getting indulged into the activities that are strictly forbidden, prohibited, indecent, immoral and come under the definition of deviancy and perversion. Consequently, the children having influence and check of parents, are often in a position to escape perversion, drug addiction, chemical dependency, offences and crimes because of the fear of the punishment would be inflicted upon them on breaking the prevailing social norms, moral values and statutes of law as well. The same is applied to the education sector, which looks for the attention and interest of the parents for the successful completion of primary and middle level education of the children. Since mother’s lap is undoubtedly the first source of learning for a child, both mother and father are well aware of the nature and habits of the children. They are well acquainted with the needs and desires of their children, and hence can guide them in the light of their liking, disliking and propensities. It is therefore, there participation in the educational matters of children will certainly enhance the potential and proficiency of the students. â€Å"It is widely recognized that if pupils are to maximize their potential from schooling they will need the full support of their parents. Attempts to enhance parental involvement in education occupy governments, administrators, educators and parents’ organizations across North America, Australasia, continental Europe, Scandinavia and the UK. (Desforges & Abouchaar, 2003:7) Adolescence is the era where a child’s mind is clean slate, and he can learn almost everything quickly that is being taught to him. Additionally, the innocent minds are unable to differentiate between right and wrong as well as about their responsibilities towards education and learning. Moreover, cognitive development is also at its peak, which seeks moral support from the parents for comprehending with man’s relation with family, friends, teachers and natural and social environment. â€Å"Early adolescence and entry into middle school reflect change on multiple levels. The middle school years co incide with key changes in adolescent development, including biological and cognitive growth, social development, and renegotiations of family relationships, especially the parent-adolescent relationship.† (Grolnick et al., 2007: 993) Hence, parents can play vital role in teaching the child all about his social and natural environment, which has direct relationship with the subjects he is learning.

Dangerous and Natural Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dangerous and Natural Energy - Essay Example The states located on the Western parts, especially be the sea are high risk areas. California, Nevada, and Washington are the highest risk states. The farther East an individual goes in the United States, with the exception of the red area on the Tennessee border, the less likely of an earthquake occurrence. Texas, Florida, Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin and Michigan have the lowest chance of having a major earthquake in the next fifty years. The earthquakes around the world on http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/ show a pattern of earthquakes near coastlines or on islands for the past seven days. Interestingly enough the red area just inside of the Tennessee border had a 2.8 earthquake within the past week. My decision to live in Tennessee has nothing to do with the chance of an earthquake, so I would be willing to live in a red zone for the right reason such as a job, new relationship, or whim. Every area on the earth has natural disasters. An individual cannot escape the threat of a natural disaster. If I had to live in one of the red areas on the map, I would educate myself on everything earthquake. I would look at http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/faq.php?categoryID=14 to find earthquake facts. This is the USGS website on earthquake safety. The first step would have necessary supplies on hand. The USGS recommends to have the following supplies: According to http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/most_destructive.php two of the most recent earthquakes were in Shaanxi and Pakistan. The earthquake in Shaanxi ranked 8 on the Richter scale. The earthquake in Pakistan ranked a 7.6. The power of science to control or predict earthquakes is weak. Scientists can predict and measure an earthquake, but since they can happen anytime during various times scientists have no real power over earthquakes. A Seismograph machine, an Analogue Recorder, computers, transportation, and other

Quiz 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Quiz 1 - Essay Example The renewed struggles to win over Ravenna, for instance, failed to deter the setting up of foreign-controlled regions at the heart of Italy. The subsequent occupation of the southern regions such as in the Po valley, and in the Balkans, is clear signs of the weakness of the imperial regime. Additionally, although reinforcements ordered by the leaders were successful at first, the operation witnessed an unprecedented number of settlers who streamed into the Danube in an effort to look for rich agricultural land, Byzantine fighters began to weaken. Military failures were compounded by the lack of resources to support the operations. As a result the regime decided to reduce salary of the personnel. Despite the earlier wins against the Persians, the regime had to grapple with defiance within the military ranks. The emperors’ commanders were facing disobedience from the fighters. During the Islamic era of the Six Century, Christianity struggled to assume prominence, and eventually managed to command a strong following in these rather Islamic regions of the East Mediterranean region and North Africa. The massive number of Christian followers effectively surmounted the influence of the regimes. Attempts by the regimes to put in place an orthodox of their liking generally failed because the society observed the differences in religious teachings, and conformed to their individual beliefs. The Antioch’s refusal to conform to the ecclesiastical influences fronted by Constantinople can also be attributed to the failure of the state actors to manipulate the Church1. Anastasios of Antioch, who was a close ally of Pope Gregory, made vigorous attempts to redeem the image of the society and revitalize government control in the wake social divisions by advocating the theory of Monoenergism. The leader thought that upon such reasoning, the society would be united under the government.

Art Criticism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art Criticism - Term Paper Example One of Tooker’s most renowned painting, Government Bureau (1956) is a figurative portrayal of bureaucratic system: the viewer sees the depiction of a typical government office in the mid1950s’ America: walls painted light yellowish color, square pillars support the ceiling, pendant ball-shaped lamps, numerous desks arranged carefully in the office space with clerks peeping though the portholes in matte glass, and people waiting for their turn to be processed. As we look at the foreground, we see a man in a coat who is possibly waiting for his turn or observing the scene. It seems that he is the ‘newcomer’ who is a little confused by the arrangement of the office and numerous lines. However, as the glance shifts to the left, we identify another identical man standing farther. Then, looking at other people in the office, we see that all of them are identical: copies of men and women stand in queues or at the desks. On the other hand, clerks’s faces â⠂¬â€œ or their fragments visible though the holes in matte glass – are identical, too. Moreover, they are holding their hands over the call buttons â€Å"ready to summon the next client† (McKiernan 140). While the clients’ faces are hidden from the viewer, wary faces and hands over the call buttons are all the viewer can see of the clerks’ figures.

Monet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Monet - Essay Example Bearing in mind how all these painters elaborated their strongly personal manners relating to the new imaginative ideas, one notices that the new aspects appeared most frequently in the work of Monet to be captured by the other Impressionists including them as ideas or as explicit methods and applying them in their own ways (Monet biography, repropaint.com, Monet, artchive.com) Monet's father wanted him to go into the family business of trading in grocery supplies but Monet (the second son of Claude-Adolphe and Louise-Justine Aubre Monet) wanted to become an artist and was admitted in the Le Havre secondary school of the arts in 1851 after his family shifted at that region. He was not a typical, good student in school. He had said, "School seemed like a prison and I could never bear to stay there, especially when the sunshine beckoned and the sea was smooth." He always drew funny caricatures of his teachers. He always got in trouble for his drawings, but he became very good at them (thinkquest.org). It was Eugene Boudin Boudin, his early mentor, who used to draw his sketches outdoors that pushed Monet to do the same. "Suddenly the veil was torn away.... My destiny as a painter opened out to me," he later said. For the next 60 years Monet delved into the effects of light on open-air scenes (plein-air landscape painting). He was the first artist to let his f irst impressions remain as finished works, rather than as "notes" for doing work inside the studio. (House, 1998, Monet bio, repropaint.com). After his mother died when he was only 16 years (in 1857) he left school, went to live with his childless aunt. His family was not very happy about his occupation as a painter. In 1860 he was conscripted and had to go to Northern Africa for two years. After his return he took a trip to Paris to visit the Louvre Museum copying old masters and took painting lessons at Gleyre's studio in Paris wher he got to know Auguste Renoir, Sisley, Bazille, Pissarro ,Edouard Manet.and others. The basis of the future Impressionist movement was built. Monet liked to paint water, the way colors reflected in the water and boats, seas, and lakes were some of his pet subjects, so much so that after he married in 1870 (he married his favorite model Camille, whom he painted in Women in the Garden), and settled in Argenteuil, he fixed a boat with an easel and painted his way wavering down the Seine River, seizing his impressions of the relationship of light, water and surroundings. The boat served him as h is floating studio where he kept paints, brushes, canvas, and drawing materials (thinkquest.org, repropaint.com). Colors in plein air Soon, Monet averted from the conventional style of painting inside a studio and with his new friends went outside in the Fontainebleau forest to paint in the open air. Albeit Monet painted outside, he never found it to be easy. Every time, more or less, he painted outside, a bit got glued to the wet paint. If he was in the wilderness, sand and rock would get attached to his paintings. In the forest, leaves and other things would fix to his

Abstraction Reaction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Abstraction Reaction - Assignment Example My expectation changed throughout the project because I gathered confidence as I progressed with the activity. Initially, I doubted I whether I could make a rational sketch without looking at the paper. However, I was surprised of the sketch that I produced after the project because the figure was excellent. Interestingly, I realized that I positioned some of the components of my subject accurately in my sketch. Abstract sketches promote creativity because they provide the artist with the opportunity of employing a diverse range of expressions. This is because abstract sketches should not necessarily represent reality. Moreover, abstract sketches are more personal because they provide a person with an approach of seeing more into a specific artist’s psyche (Cramer 28). I liked the experience after realizing a wonderful collage that I was able to make after the project. The project provided me with good experience that developed my skills. I was conscious about my original subject throughout my sketching activity. For example, I utilized information from my source material when designing an outline of my work. This included using the material in determining the size, and the appropriate color to apply at each section of my work. My expectations increased as I progressed with the project. This is because successful completion of each activity motivated me into working more on the piece in order to make it better. This because I realized I had the potential of producing a masterpiece as I progressed with the project. In abstract sketches, artists can describe all values and concepts that they have about the world in a single sketch. Furthermore, abstract sketches are visually powerful because they combine many aspects of art including color, texture, composition and

Examining whether glaxoSmithKline has successful internal innovation

Examining whether glaxoSmithKline has successful internal innovation 1) GSK is a leader in the pharmaceuticals industry with 7 per cent of the world market. Its mission is to better the quality of human life so that the people feel better, live longer and is able to perform the tasks assigned to them properly. This can only be achieved by proper planning and implementation of research and development programmes. GSKs purpose of merger was to improve R D (as it would also obtain technology from outside) because it looks to excel in internal innovation by making use of the knowledge and learning provided by individuals of other organisations. These individuals might be experienced, trained, flexible, committed and help the firm to accomplish its goals which is its primary objective. The main aim of internal innovation is to outperform its competition by implementing new ideas into developing new and better products which are sustainable in the market. GSK focuses on providing drugs at a cheaper rate to the developing countries. GSKs strategy is to nurtu re, distribute and make things easier. It implements its strategies by employing a large number of people in different countries. The employees research to produce new pharmaceuticals to treat the diseases focused on. However, GSK is facing a problem of patent expiry. It has 30 patented drugs that are nearing expiry. So it wants to redefine its range of drugs by focussing on its R D. The individuals involved must have a positive attitude and should be willing to take risks. They should learn from each other and also understand what others are doing. That would help in implementation. Implementation involves the proper utilisation of resources and capabilities of a firm. It involves the management of innovation and focuses on managing politics, control and fighting with change. 2) GlaxoSmithKline wants to ensure that the firm focuses on the best science. It realised that to be successful in future, it needs to be more innovative. So it reorganised its research and development area to improve efficiency and accomplish its goals. It created 70 Discovery Performance Units (DPUs) which focussed on eight therapy areas for future growth of the company. However, GSK successfully completed or extended 21 new drug discoveries in the year 2008. Innovation involves the implementation of ideas into some new product and the new product leads to new opportunities. In case of GSK, it would generate more revenue if the ideas are implemented properly. New technology provides a competitive edge to the firm. The four elements of implementation are leadership, engagement, alignment and extension. The 70 DPUs would affect these four elements. The DPUs are compact, fully authorised, determined and integrated teams which are responsible for a small part of the pipeline associated with the production of a drug. The teams include scientists, marketing specialists, engineers and others from key business domains to work on innovations. The exchange of ideas amongst its own scientists through building alliances and meetings are encouraged. They showcase different compounds and potential products. R D groups of individuals gather and learn about new products and processes. In case of GSK, leadership would focus on creating procedures for innovation and distribute sufficient resources for crucial activities. It would help in the induction of supportive systems and policies and set up adequate infrastructure for achieving the required goals. Engagement would focus on building a knowledge based cultu re, education, progress and mentoring. Alignment would help in building a competent organisation and would bind rewards to accomplishments. Extension would help in examining organisational capabilities and search for other prospects. It would also develop and share lessons learnt. Implementation ensures that the goals and support of management are understood properly. It also involves looking out for people who possess the necessary skills required to meet the project objectives. The internal culture and external environment of GSK would also affect the implementation effort. We can expect disinterest, apprehensions, satisfaction, hostility and competition for resources. The teams might become satisfied with their achievements and their ideas could be clashing with each other. They may lack the necessary skills. This would hinder the future growth of the firm and it would not be able to accomplish its goals. However, engagement would help them overcome the problem. Implementation also involves setting up of scrutinising system which addresses possible technical and market uncertainties arising out of radical, continuous change and competition from the external environment. Radical change involves high risk whereas continuous change involves low to medium risk. This is because radical change has a wider impact on the firm as the failure of the product will demotivate the firm and decrease its revenues whereas continuous change has a marginal impact on the firm because improvements are made to the existing product or service. Radical change involves major streamlining of the firm, product line or market. The case study shows that GSK has a background and the processes that support innovation. It also hires individuals to conduct research and develop new products, encourages employees to try out new ideas, undertake risks and experiment. The first part of these processes involves constructing a structure for innovation. Proper teams and co-ordination between different units in an organisation like GSK are needed for the successful implementation. It needs to organise special training and development programmes for the employees, providing technical knowledge about the product, programmes on marketing the product, focus on building new skills in employees and encouraging cross functional activities. 3) GSK needs to evaluate its total organisational performance because it is large, the external environment factors (political, social, economical, technological and competitive factors), the strategic environment, information systems and structural analysis. An organisation involves human, physical, financial and information resources and how these resources are used in the management, operations, production and integration of ideas and actions. The output is the products and services. However, it needs a process to evaluate the diverse ideas and products because it produces far more ideas and products than it can follow at any given time. Cost plays a crucial role when it comes to evaluating an idea. GSK also needs to evaluate the innovation cost which is the internal cost to develop and distribute and also the true cost to the customer to purchase and use. It needs to calculate the costs for development and marketing, market penetration and sales when evaluating a new product and service. It needs a business plan (expected revenue, cost of producing a product or service and profits to be generated) to commercialise the ideas. The evaluation process helps GSK in assessing the kind of innovations it should continue supporting or initiate support for. The team promoting the product should have the ability to justify the product at each step of the process. It should continue with ideas or products that are generating revenue and doing well in the market. It should also start developing new products which have the potential to do well in the market because that will provide competitive advantage to the firm. It would create new opportunities and customers. The shareholders would not hesitate to invest in the firm if it is doing well because they would get appropriate returns on their investment. The evaluation system is designed to be flexible and helps GSK to discontinue those projects that are not meeting expectations. In other words, those projects are hinder ing the growth of the firm. GSKs disciplined and focussed approach has the most influence on how well it evaluates progress towards stated innovation goals. It sees where and how resources are allocated within R D. It terminated more than 35 per cent of discovery projects following the reorganisation in 2008. Those projects might not be meeting its expectations. The DPUs were given financial support for three years after the termination of the projects. The financial support aids the R D group to focus on granting the best science and the best product for the consumers but at the same time it also gave them tough timelines to produce a profitable product. If the product is not profitable it will reduce the revenues of the firm. In that case the firm would have to discontinue with the product. In 2008, GSK received 30 per cent of its revenues from products that had been in existence for less than three years as an outcome of these innovation efforts. It means its revenue was coming from new products. It gained t he first mover advantage. However, it needed to improve its old products. GSKs widespread internal development efforts often lead to innovations that do not fit with the companys main focus. 4) There are three types of control systems: financial control, strategic control and cultural control. They all have advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of financial control are that it is quantitative and easy to understand. The disadvantages are it can become narrow, internally focussed and analysis paralysis is possible. The example of financial control is that it leads to percentage of profit increase from new products. GSK employs financial control because 30 per cent of its revenue has come from products which have been in existence for less than three years. The advantages of strategic control are that it sets direction, more qualitative and fits environment. The disadvantages are it is hard to justify based on some financials, can lose sight of where the firm is. The example of strategic control is that it leads to increase in market share. The case study shows that GSK employs strategic control because its widespread internal development efforts often lead to innov ations that do not fit with the companys main focus. The advantages of cultural control are that it is very behavioural and qualitative. The disadvantage is it requires managers to be involved on a personal level. The example of cultural control is that it leads to value enhancement. GSK employs cultural control because it develops external discovery teams with other firms or universities or research labs. However, it can be seen that GSK faces a vague institutional environment because it emphasises both on financial and strategic control and firms that prefer strategic control to financial control adopt strict corporate authority. The choice of innovation mode is affected considerably by the firms internal control procedures. Therefore a model was developed to look at the relationship between a firms internal control procedures and preference of innovation mode. Using a sample of 585 Chinese firms, this study tests the proposed model. The findings show that strategic control has a negative relationship with incremental innovation but a positive relationship with radical innovation, while financial control has a positive relationship with incremental innovation but a negative relationship with radical innovation. So, GSK should employ strategic control for radical innovation and financial control for incremental innovation. There is a need to make amendments if a gap is identified between goals and performance. This can only be achieved through proper planning. GSK needs to be more cross functional by rethinking of the business processes. In particular the knowledge, equipment and processes must be managed and controlled properly. The processes used by the firm for its internal innovation must be redesigned and looked upon for improvements to meet its objectives. It will help GSK gain competitive advantage. Key decisions should be made by those involved in the innovative process. They would identify new opportunities and find solutions to the existing problems. GSK should develop new goals if the existing goals do not match its capabilities. The goals must be rational and easily achievable because that would save time and money. The individuals involved must have strong personal idea and ethics with the firms values and goals.

AirAsia Customer Relationship Management

AirAsia Customer Relationship Management In todays world economy, information technology (IT) has driven fundamental changes in the nature and also the application of technologies in a business. The use of IT in its value chain provides the company a very strong strategically and tactical tools. If these tool are properly applied and used could bring great advantages in promoting and strengthening the competitive advantages. In order to gain more market share and sustain its competitive advantages to be very low cost carrier in these days high demanding environment, Air Asia tries to develop new ways of make the customers, suppliers loyal. Focus on supplier and alliances and the customer will drive positive values to Air Asia can achieve. Customer relationship management application will be one of the areas of strategic implementation that company can focus to achieve high values to both Shareholders and Customers. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) In order to long term, customer relationship should be fostered for company to maintain competitive advantage and profitability. When planning and implementing CRM application, management is recommended the following approaches: Customer segmentation-mileage- based segmentation is inadequate, rather should focused on value-based and needs-based approaches can be guide investment decision and drive greater insight into needs of high-value customer. CRM initiative development-to different from the other competitors approach e.g. installing kiosks for the fast check in. Air Asia should implement CRM program in favour of investing in initiatives with a high return, which respond to the needs and desires of their own customers. Organizational design and management-Air Asia needs to train the employees empowerment them with a complete view of the customer and clearly fluent the employees role in the CRM strategy. Advanced and classy CRM information system should include the key functions that are; Travelling Planning: Site personalization for on line customer to create travel plan, bundled services information, flights notification systems, and gate information displays etc. Reservation and Ticketing: ITA search engines, roving agent check-in, kiosks, internet check-in, and phone check in systems etc. Frequently Flyer Program: Membership based or point based rewarding scheme offering to the applicable customer. Campaign Management: Email campaigns and promotion system are used for marketing. Customer Care: Web based self services such as e-ticket booking and reservation, online baggage tracing. RFID baggage tags, internet lounge, and in air internet services. Business intelligence: Dynamic update and multidimensional reports that helps management to do analytics in various areas, such as customer profile. To justify the investment and implementation scope of the CRM program, Air Asia is recommended to look into the ROI and financial impact to the shareholder value driven by each of the CRM initiatives. By taking the steps to implement a truly consumer-centric approach to relationship management, Air Asia will be in better position to attain , develop, and hold on to high value of the clients Company wants to be the lowest short-haul airline in every market it goes, that why they are using some strategies such as Lean cost structure, different ways of promotion, keeping safety, satisfying guests and developing human resource very strongly these days. Air Asia always tries to keep their operations as simple as they can. SWOT Analysis: To figure out the internal factors such as Strengths and Weakness, and external Opportunities and Threats to business objective, a SWOT analysis of Air Asia can be conducted; Strengths: Low cost operation Fewer management level, effective, focused and aggressive management Simple proven business model that consistently distribute that the lower fares Penetrate and motivate to the potential markets And multi skilled staff means efficient and incentive workforce Single type of Air buses minimize the maintenance cost and easy for pilot dispatch Streamline Operation: making sure that the processes are as simple as possible, that customer can approach and use it with no difficulty Lean Distribution System: offering a wide and innovative rang of distribution channels to make a booking and take a step toward a travelling easy Point to point network: applying the point to point network keeps operation simple and low cost, that it connect the booking offices with call centres Partnering with the worlds most renowned maintenance provider company and complying with the airline operation in the world. Implementing the regions fastest turnaround at 25 minutes only, assuring lower cost and higher productivity Weaknesses: Due to lower costs the services possessions are limited, so someone can think that Air Asia cannot serve as well as they advertise During irregular situations the company could not handle them well with limited number of personals Government interference and regulation on airport deals and passenger compensation Non central location for secondary airports Its low cost strategy makes the brand critical for market position and development is always a challenge for Air Asias management One of the weak point is that the company trust heavily on outsourcing, it shows the Air Asia depends on other for some of their tasks and seems not good for companys repute in the customers mind New entrance to provide the price sensitive services Providing guests with the choice of modify services without compromising on quality and services. Opportunities: Long haul flights an experiment to get underdeveloped market share, which is better for the companys growth. The Air Asia can differentiate from traditional Low Cost Carrier model by adding customer services or operating as a full services airline with low fare for the haul flights. Ongoing industry consideration has opened up projection for new routes and airports deals, by making such kind of deals the company expand his business High inflation rate and also fuel prices will pinch out unprofitable competitors Threats: Keeping in view the current economic situations the full services airline cut their cost to compete. Other companies like Virgin etc may think towards Low Cost Carriers (LCCs) In the coming time the high rates of fuel decrease the yield of the company is a big threat for them Accident, terrorist attack and disaster affect customer confidence. For example on 28 July 2010 a plane crash in Pakistan and almost one month later on 24 of august 2010 there is a another plane crash in China, these kind of accident creates a doubt in the mind of customers. Due to their (Air Asia) low cost model the people may think about that there is risk involve like services and safe journey. I think this is a major threat in these days that Air Asia can face. Aviation regulation and government policy, Air Asias ongoing business in long haul flights have always threat for the changing policies of the those countries and day to day changes in the regulations of the international airport authorities Increase in operation cost in producing value added services, as Air Asia X using value added services by long haul flights so it results in increase their operation and value added cost. As Air Asia policy from the January 2002, company belief online seat reservation and also online flight schedule but a threat is always there that the system disorder can arise big problem for Air Asias online system Economical factor of Air Asia According to the profit and loss account of company it was good in 2009, weather it receive loss in 2008 due to fuel hedging and the crisis situation in Bangkok. The company bear a heavy loss upon their short and long contracts when fuel price shot through to the roof before collapsing around the end of year. On November 2008 the company abolish fuel surcharges. It is the first air line in the world to abolish fuel surcharge. As other air lines are downsize with decreasing in travel, because of global economic circumstances. In 2009 and in 2010 Air Asia expands its operations. The companies target to get around one Million customers in 2008, adding new plans and also introducing new destinations like India etc. At the end of 2009 and start of 2010 Air Asia targets get 5.1 million in 2009 that is 4.2 million up that was in 2008. The new plans were operate usefully towards new destinations like India, China etc. Current Activities: The Air Asia invited the customer to come and take part in photography competition in a sense of making journey Happy with Them(AIR ASIA), the winner of this competition will be awarded a ticket to Bangkok with accommodation and other offers such like that to get market penetration. From 2009 the company starts scholarship for students related to pilot courses this is another try to get more market penetration in term of Air Asias sales and make the customer interested in their new routes and keep the existing and as well as new customers. These Air Asia using Social security checks for buying ticket on special prices. Red Megastore. They start red megastore for online services for the purpose of make more ease for the new and little educated customers to buy Air Asias offered facilities. As we know the target customer of Air Asia is less educated, Middle class and small business mens, so this plan works very fruitful for the company. Customer Satisfaction of Air Asia: The customer satisfaction on company depends on four variables that are Safety, Service Quality, Price and Promotion; Safety: The safety factor is related to the Engine and other parts operate during flight Take a good care of the hand caries and make sure that there is better place for them without any disturbance The company have much focus on the insurance of passengers while they travel Service Quality: Good manners of attendance during flight The flight attendants are very skilled , knowledgeable and charming The Attendants must offer their services with keeping in mind of serving Price: Equality of ticket price Offer the low comparative price Promotion: Air Asia was very care while lunching promotions they should be Interesting, After a reasonable time and also good frequency of lunching promotions

Shakespeares Measure for Measure :: Shakespeare Desire Plays Papers

Shakespeare's Measure for Measure This reading of Measure for Measure will try to do more than draw attention to the extent to which Shakespeare goes beyond the conventional happy ending in this play. There are indications that the conclusions of many of the comedies are not really meant to bear up to close scrutiny; in Jaques ¹ words, their loving voyages are not victual ¹d for very long. In Measure for Measure we are openly challenged to question the adequacy of attaching a happy ending to a deeply troubling play. It seems that a stern question, regarding human nature and the adequacy of the comic resolution, cannot be deferred any longer. How do we preserve a community that will sustain and encourage the virtues after every Jaques gets his Jill? These were the fears that Jaques voiced, with bad timing but better perspicacity in As You Like It. The attempt to flee civilization and seek refuge in the imagination was undertaken because the prevalent state of civil society placed human integrity and virtue in grav e jeopardy. Appropriate political measures are necessary to ensure that the human renewals and fresh beginnings celebrated in the comedies can be preserved and fostered when we leave Arden to resume our places in the workaday world. This reading will suggest that Measure for Measure is not a celebration of family values, The play points towards both the political virtuosity which sustains the comic oikos, and the humbler self-knowledge that preserves the integrity of the virtuoso. Human virtue can only be chosen in freedom, but we need not deny ourselves the opportunity of ensuring that this choice is not stifled by the subtly related powers of abstract intellectualism and carnal necessity. It is thus desirable that the moderate pleasures of humanity are revealed to their best advantage; the statesman ¹s task is to direct the erotic energies of his subjects towards their true fruition. In this essay, we shall concern ourselves with Shakespeare ¹s suggestively incomplete account of the process through which a self-professed philosopher-king forsakes contemplation to rescue his carnally en-mired dukedom. While the subject matter of this play is unequivocally political, Shakespeare is not offering political blueprints. We must learn from his unequalled ability to depict and illustrate the workings of the human soul. Poetry is a tool at the disposal of the statesman and Shakespeare pleads convincingly for the respectability of his art. However, the imagination cannot create virtue in the real world; only individuals can do this and they are influenced by other factors that reside outside the purview of the imagination.

Socrates - Definitions of Piety Essay -- Socrates Plato Philosophy

Socrates - Definitions of Piety   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Periclean age (around 400 B.C.) in Athens Greece there was a man named Socrates. He was considered a very wise man by the Athenians. However there were men in power who did not care for him or his teachings; Claiming that he corrupted the Athenian youth and did not believe in the Greek gods, Socrates was put on trail. On his way to his trial Socrates met a man named Euthyphro, a professional priest who is respected by the "authorities" (those who want get rid of Socrates). Euthyphro is at the court house to prosecute his father for murder. Socrates finds this to be interesting. If Euthyphro can properly explain why he is prosecuting his father for murder Socrates might have an understanding of piety. This would help Socrates to defend himself, for the prosecutors know and think highly of Euthyphro. Socrates could then draw parallels between himself and Euthyphro, who the citizens' highly respect, thus bringing him respect, and freedom. This is where Socrates begins his dialogue with Euthyphro seeking the definition of piety. Socrates wants Euthyphro to teach him the meaning of piety since Euthyphro considers himself an authority on the subject. In this dialogue Euthyphro gives Socrates four different definitions of what he believes piety is, none of which prove satisfactory to Socrates, leaving the question unanswered in the end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first definition that Euthyphro provides to Socrates is that "the ..

Mental Health Issues Female Veterans Health And Social Care Essay

Approximately 10 % of military personnels presently stationed in Afghanistan, Operation Enduring Freedom ( OEF ) and Iraq, Operation Iraqi Freedom ( OIF ) are adult females ( Murdoch et al. 2006 ) . Additionally, adult females account for every bit many as one in five enlisted military personnels in assorted service subdivisions. These adult females protect the United States of America through dedication and courage. Nonetheless, military service is associated with increased odds of holding a assortment of life changing conditions and mental unwellnesss. Therefore, it is indispensable for counsellors to go cognizant of the alone jobs that arise in female veterans. The acknowledgment of wellness related challenges female veterans face is long delinquent. Simply inquiring adult females about their military service may open up treatment that provides of import information associating to the intervention being received. As clinicians, we must hold accurate cognition in order to supply qu ality services for female veterans. In this paper, I will discourse the alone mental and physical wellness issues female veterans encounter and interventions deemed effectual for this population. Keywords: Female veterans, OEF/OIF, adult females veterans, combat Womans have been contending for our state for since the War for Independence, but yet they are invariably overlooked by male veterans. In recent old ages, the continued importance of adult females to the United States military has increased. Women history for about one-seventh ( 14 % ) of the active constituent and about 10 % of all U.S. military soldiers to Afghanistan and Iraq ( Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2009 ) . Surveies have indicated that the figure of returning Operation Enduring Freedom ( OEF ) and Operation Iraqi Freedom ( OIF ) veterans in demand of mental wellness services is on the rise ( Chen, 2007 ) . The research sing combat related unwellness has chiefly revolved around male veterans. Half a million female veterans get wellness attention through the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, and the figure is expected to turn by 30 per centum in the following five old ages ( Chen, 2007 ) . Although most service members will ab initio be treated in military intervention installations, many may happen themselves returning to have psychological intervention in Veteran Affairs or public intervention centres. Therefore, it is of import for all wellness attention professionals to hold cognition of female issues relevant to these returning soldiers. There are important menaces to the wellness of all participants in military operations during wartime such as conflict hurts, station traumatic emphasis upset ( PTSD ) , traumatic encephalon hurt ( TBI ) , endemic infective diseases and military equipment related accidents ( Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2009 ) . In add-on, there can be alone menaces to the wellness of adult females in combat environments. These alone menaces must be examined to guarantee quality intervention for female veterans.Womans in the MilitaryHistorically, adult females ‘s integrating into the Armed Forces has followed a series of progresss an d reverses, with progresss closely tied to deficits of qualified males, normally during war times ( Murdoch et al. , 2006 ) . Female veterans have been portion of every struggle the United States of America has been involved in. Their parts have been tremendous, yet they have been overshadowed by male veterans. Many female veterans have been killed during combat and many today live with life changing hurts. Additionally, female soldiers have been captured and taken as Prisoners of War ( POW ) . Brave nurses pioneered the belief that adult females are able to hold a big impact during war clip. For illustration, at considerable hazard to themselves, nurses pioneered the scheme of conveying intervention to hurt soldiers on the battleground alternatively of evacuating them foremost ( Murdoch et al. 2006 ) . Merely as female nurses function in the armed forces are recognized as indispensable, the other places females hold in the armed forces have become progressively recognized through combat decorations and assorted distinguished awards. However, while adult females have ma de big paces in being accepted by the armed forces, they still encounter mental and physical troubles that are alone to being a female veteran.Posttraumatic stress disorderPTSD is an anxiousness upset that manifests feelings of intense fright, weakness, and panic. Exposure to a â€Å" terrific event or series of eventsaˆÂ ¦in which grave physical injury occurred or was threatened † is the cause of PTSD ( Collie, Backos, Malchiodi, & A ; Spiegel, 2006, p. 157 ) . The research sing PTSD has chiefly revolved around male veterans, and there is a dearth of research sing female veterans that are diagnosed with PTSD. Female veterans have multiple forecasters that could take to a diagnosing of PTSD after functioning clip in war.Pre-military injuryFemale veterans report high rates of posttraumatic emphasis upset due to an association with hapless psychiatric maps, substance maltreatment, and physical wellness jobs. Emotional maltreatment is associated with poorer role-physical op eration, increased bodily hurting and greater odd of utilizing pain medicine in the past six months with physical maltreatment being associated with poorer general wellness ( Lang et al. , 2006 ) . Recent surveies indicate about all female veterans experience a traumatic event at some point in their lives ( Zinzow et al. , 2007 ) . Some of the important injury histories that female veterans have been exposed to include sexual assault, child sexual maltreatment, adult sexual maltreatment, physical assault, child physical maltreatment and domestic force. Womans with histories of childhood ill-treatment have higher rates of physical wellness jobs and greater medical use compared to adult females without maltreatment histories ( Zinzow et al. , 2007 ) . The fact that female veterans have a high sum of trauma histories may be related to the research that a big sum of adult females enlist in the armed forces to get away unhealthy environments such as domestic maltreatment and drug maltrea tment ( Sadler, Booth, Mengeling & A ; Doebbeling, 2004 ) . Surveies suggest that more than half ( 52 % -54 % ) of female veterans experience pre-military physical or sexual maltreatment and that they are more likely than work forces to describe pre-military injury ( Sadler et al. , 2004 ) ) . . Furthermore, physical and sexual force among female veterans during wartime has been indicated to hold higher rates when compared to peace clip military samples and female civilians ( Wolf et al. , 1998 ) . All in all, adult females may come in the armed forces with symptoms of important injury histories, be exposed to extra hazard factors during combat exposure and brush sexual assault while functioning in the armed forces.Military Sexual TraumaFemale veterans non merely see pre-military injury, but they besides have an addition of force exposure within the military environment that includes tolerance of sexual torment by higher-ups and unwanted sexual progresss. When a female veteran experiences these traumatic events, it is referred to as Military Sexual Assault ( MST ) . MST testing at infirmaries around the state have been labeled as inconsistent. There tends to be a deficit of female physicians, and medical staff has non received proper preparation to assistance veterans enduring from MST. All of these insufficiencies contribute to a deficiency of understanding about how to handle female veterans who live with the symptoms of MST. The estimated prevalence of military-related sexual assault ranges from 30 % in a survey done by ( Sadler et al. , 2004 ) to 71 % in a PTSD disability-seeking sample completed by ( Murdoch Pounsny, Hodges, & A ; O'Brien, 2004 ) . Harmonizing to a big survey of former military militias, more than half of sexual assaults that took topographic point during military service occurred at a military work site and during responsibility hours ( Zinzow et al. , 2007 ) . A bulk of the wrongdoers are fellow soldiers and creates a nerve-racking environment for adult females populating on military evidences. T his state of affairs has the female veteran life at the same military site that the culprit resides, therefore, seeing them on a day-to-day footing. Military sexual injury besides effects their military calling due to a big sum of veterans seeking to reassign or go forth the service as a consequence of the traumatic events they encountered ( Sadler, Booth, Cook & A ; Doebbeling, 2003 ) .Gender DifferencesThe research associated with female veterans shows the difference between what female veterans experience with PTSD compared to male veterans. By and large, interpersonal factors, depression, household, interpersonal factors and fright are more of import to PTSD among adult females and female veterans report more revenant symptoms and are more likely to run into the standards for PTSD even though they are undiagnosed ( Benda and House, 2003 ) . Women look to be more socially invested and more flexible in interpersonal sharing and support so work forces. It makes sense to see that fo nd regards, societal support and jobs with household and friends are more relevant to PTSD among adult females than work forces ( Benda and House, 2003 ) . Additionally, female veterans appear to be more unfastened sing their PTSD diagnosing, and are by and large more active in having the aid that they deserve.Virtual Reality ExposureA new intervention supplying consequences to our current veterans is Virtual Reality Exposure ( VRE ) therapy. The construct of ( VRE ) involves plunging the veteran in a computer-generated universe utilizing a assortment of engineerings, such as show systems, three dimensional stimulations, simulated odors, and realistic pilotage devices ( Reger & A ; Gregory, 2008 ) . During the therapy, the veteran is exposed to battle stimulations in controlled mode.The end of VRE is to go desensitized to the stimulation that the traumatic memories evoke. VRE gives the clinician a tool to modulate emotional battle. Effective intervention requires triping the patholo gical fright construction and integrating new, disconfirming information ( Reger, & A ; Gregory, 2008 ) . Additionally, VRE provides an option to speak therapy for veterans who are concerned with the stigma attached to traditional therapy. VRE intervention increases the likeliness of female veterans making out to seek intervention for a job that can greatly impact their lives.Art TherapyAnother lifting signifier of intervention for PTSD with female veterans is art therapy. Art therapy uses art as an look that helps persons callback, re-enact, and incorporate traumatic experiences and retrieve from emotional upsets associated with psychological injury ( Brett & A ; Ostroff, 1985 ) . Art therapy has been applied to a broad scope of injury, such as domestic force and maltreatment which gives recognition to its effectivity with female veterans. As a consequence, the modern-day pattern of art therapy in the intervention of injury, and more late PTSD, emphasizes the utility of art look in the Reconstruction of the injury narrative and besides in the direction of emphasis, physical symptoms, and psychological upsets ensuing in ague or chronic injury ( Ballou, 1995, pp. 68 ) . One of import facet of art therapy is the creative activity of a safe infinite for the female veteran where these traumatic feelings can be processed. Sometimes the verbal accomplishment to depict traumatic experiences is missing, and by making art, the individual can experience more confident. Persons with PTSD may hold troubles building a coherent injury narrative with words entirely, so art doing provides a non-verbal signifier of communicating that may be more suited to consolidating and incorporating traumatic memories ( Collie et al. , 2006 ) . An of import curative tool of art therapy is the thought of containment, holding traumatic stuff within an object or image. This provides the veteran a sense of control over terrifying and intrusive memories and promotes emotional self-efficacy ( Collie et al. , 2006 ) . Based on the theory behind this tool, art therapy shows a promise as a intervention for combat-related PTSD. Art therapy has the ability to cut down immediate symptoms, overcome turning away, emotional numbing, and ease the organisation and integrating of traumatic memories in ways that traditional talk therapy can non supply ( Collie et al. , 2006 ) . Therefore, art therapy is going popular in handling female combat veterans with PTSD returning from OEF and OIF.Cognitive-behavioral Conjoint TherapyAs the newest coevalss of veterans return place, many persons face duty-related traumatic experiences that create PTSD and relationship hurt. Compared with old wars, possibly one of the biggest differences with the current war is that OEF/OIF service work forces and adult females are older and more likely to be married/partnered and to hold kids ( Monson, Fredman, & A ; Adair, 2008 ) . The consequence of traumatization on intimate relationships has been an country of concern for returning veterans. Female veterans enduring from PTSD have more terrible relationship jobs, a higher likeliness of disassociating and to disassociate multiple times, higher rate s of verbal and physical aggression against spouses and kids, more sexual disfunction, and higher significant damages in emotional expressiveness ( Milliken, Auchterlonie, & A ; Hoge, 2007 ) . In add-on to high and increasing prevalence of mental wellness jobs among OEF/OIF service members, one of the most noteworthy countries of lifting jobs is in interpersonal relationships ( Milliken et al. , 2007 ) . Due to these recent finds, cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD has been used to handle OEF/OIF combat veterans. Cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD assumes that the association between PTSD and adumbrate relationship hurt is complex and mutual ; PTSD symptoms are considered to lend to straiten, which, in bend exacerbates and reinforces PTSD symptomology ( Monson et al. , 2008 ) . This type of therapy is suited for a assortment of twosomes showing for intervention because it keeps twosomes unified against PTSD and its effects on the relationship. The twosomes are encouraged to analyze how to shrivel the function PTSD plays in their relationship. With the addition Numberss of service members and their households enduring the aftereffects of combat related traumatic experiences, healer must endeavor to develop the best possible intervention. Although the strong association between PTSD and adumbrate relationship jobs is unfortunate, this connexion besides presents an chance to capitalise on the mending power of intimate relationships to better the wellness of the persons and their relationship ( Monson et al. , 2008 ) . All things considered, Cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD has the coincident ends of bettering PTSD in one or both persons of the twosome and bettering their confidant relationship.Body-oriented TherapyA recent manner of therapy that is effectual for handling female veterans is Body-oriented therapy intercessions. In a survey done by ( Prince, 2007 ) the research workers found the intercession provided new accomplishments for hurting decrease and self-care, facilitation of emotional consciousness, trust, and control, and for many penetration into the function of body-mind consciousness and connexion in healing and trauma recovery. Body-oriented therapy is focused on easing centripetal and emot ional consciousness utilizing a combination of hand-on and verbal therapy. The end is to go cognizant of your organic structure and head. This manner of therapy is designed to be antiphonal to single comfort and safety demands, and therefore there is flexibleness to go to to emotional or physical uncomfortableness, should it originate ( Prince, 2007 ) . At the terminal of the intervention, a reappraisal of the session experience is discussed and a development of a take-home organic structure awareness exercising is given to the veteran. This gives the female veteran the ability to go on to use what they have learned on a day-to-day bases. The long-run consequences may give a female veteran to hold greater consciousness of how their head and organic structure work are integrated.DecisionWomans veterans are courageous, dedicated persons who are motivated to function this state and do forfeits for our freedom. Therefore, it is of import for us to acknowledge their parts. Female veteran s will go on to supply a critical function in the military alongside their male opposite numbers. Recognition of the physical and mental wellness challenges is long delinquent. Female veterans are seeking guidance services for combat related unwellnesss at a rapid gait. Therefore, it is imperative that counsellors have accurate cognition and research the alone troubles female veterans face. By holding a better apprehension of these troubles, counsellors can supply consequence intervention that female veterans desire and deserve.

To Rule the Night

â€Å"To Rule The Night† by James B. Irwin English 10 2/14/09 â€Å"As we flew into space we had a new sense of ourselves, of the earth, and of the nearness of God. I sensed the beginning of some sort of deep change taking place inside of me† -James B. Irwin The author’s purpose in the biography, â€Å"To Rule The Night,† by James B. Irwin, is to inform the reader of his life, particularly his trip to the moon and how God opened doors for him to share the word with thousands of people. Also in his book he talks about his childhood and how his father was a big Air force addict which influenced him to join the military. He also talks about what happened when he got back to Earth, about all the interviews, and the famous Postage stamp incident that occurred between the crew and a German stamp dealer. (64)â€Å"†¦to show that our good postal service delivers any place in the universe, I have the pleasant task of canceling , here on the moon, the first stamp of a new issue†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dave went on to sell all the new stamps to the German stamp dealer. I believe that he did achieve in informing me on his journey to the moon and his life. I did enjoy this book also I thought it was encouraging how he was saved, (60) â€Å"certainly God had been watching over us that day. † I think this book was meant for who ever was reading it because of all the interesting details, any kid could be interested in because he talks about living in zero Gs and how you eat with no gravity. (24) â€Å"All food containers were labeled A, B, C, D, E, and all meals were color-coded†¦. So if a meal floated by and you identified it as red, you could say, ‘Hey Dave you’ve lost your entree. Also for an adult because of the actual story of it the fact that he went to the moon and the maturity it was written in. It was appealing even from a Christian stand point because no matter where you are God can work in you. Well I believe the message I got from it was that God is everywhere and loves us enough to make the moon and all the stars. One of the themes that I noticed was he was a hard worker and was a respectful person. But I noticed a difference in him after he got saved; he was happier and was looking for opportunities to share the gospel. Well a element that contributed to the theme has to be the vastness of space, because how can you go into space and not realize how magnificent God is if this is just what He made. The tone of the book seemed to be a very experience filled life. He did well in high school, joined the military, went into the air force, became a pilot, joined the space program, went to the moon, and became a revived Christian. Well while reading the book some elements that helped me identify the tone was the detail everything was described, (48) â€Å"Of course, you are constantly dodging rocks and craters. You hit a rock and you are literally airborne. You just bounce into space, float for a while, and then come down. † I think first of all the authors purpose, like I said before was to inform us of his adventure, and the tone just goes along with it. He seemed to be a well educated man with great imagination and ability to retain facts, individual moments and tell it back to you so that you felt like you were right there with them. (33) â€Å"I wish we had such things as drops in space, but without any up of down, water doesn’t drop out. It just makes a blob, and the blob just keeps on getting larger and larger. The vocabulary was not hard to understand; almost anyone could have read this book really. But at the same time it wasn’t to simple to were you thought the book was for a child, (127) â€Å"My new home was a rambling wooden building up on the hill that must have been the old officers quarters back during World War 2. † There really weren’t an y unusual qualities, except that the way that the book was written. It started out with his journey to the moon, then his childhood and worked its self back up. The book had much detail and really did a great job of catching my attention. Also I enjoyed reading this book because I thought I was on the moon. But it wasn’t just that that caught my attention at the end of the book was the best part to me, (200) â€Å"There were 5000 in the audience, with the floor and aisles packed absolutely to capacity. I had a terrible stomach ache, and I asked the Lord to give me the right words and to give me strength. He really answered my prayer. About a hundred people came forward, and I felt that we had enjoyed a great experience. † Well, I think that, if you mean James B Irwin when you say â€Å"subjects†, he accomplished a lot in his life. That his life is an example that you can go to the moon and god still not be done with you. (203) â€Å"I have a sort of clarifying sense of uncovering Gods plan for my new life on earth. God has permitted me to live on top of the mountains, and when I have been cast down, He has brought me back on the tops of the hills again. Being able to give my testimony before people without fear, to share my spiritual voyage and to ask them to accept Jesus Christ, has been a tremendous experience for me. † He seemed to emphasized in the end of his book the importance of his wife and there relationship with God. 205) â€Å"The whole experience in the Holy land was the most inspiring to way to turn the corner of the old year into a new year for High Flight. The experience moved us and gave us a chance to rededicate ourselves to each other as a family and to our mission. † Well since the book was a biography there were many environments, when he was in space, on the moon, coming back , all the press, his child hood, his marriage problems, sharing the gospel round the world. But, something I noticed was he was never prideful or self centered, (180) â€Å"Frankly I do not care for all the fame and publicity†¦. A historical detail was, (18) â€Å"We knew that if we cleared the tower we had reasonable chance of survival if something should go wrong. I watched all the systems I was responsible for on my side of the spacecraft. We cleared the tower. It was almost the happiest moment of my life to realize that after all those years it was now my turn. At last I was leaving the earth. † I think that it has a major effect on him, (43) â€Å"There was a excitement of exploring a place where man had never been before, but the most exciting thing, that really moved me and touched my soul, was that I could feel Gods presence there. Something that I learned from him was that his NASA training was hard and he almost dropped out, (180) â€Å"I had been so program med I was like a robot. I had to eat, drink, sleep, and dream my work- I had to be saturated†¦. When I told Mary that I might drop out of the program†¦ † I learned from him, when he didn’t drop out, I learned that you have to persevere threw hard times. I want to join the Navy and I know that its going to be hard but it was herd for him and his wife, but he didn’t drop out or give up. The only main incident that he brings up in the end of the book was his relationship with his wife. He talk about how much happier they are together and that God has really helped them grow together. (205) â€Å"Mary is a lot closer to me bow that she has been-we have both changed a great deal, and she is tremendously reinforcing me. † It reveals that when it comes down to it none of his experiences matter to him, just him, his wife and God. (211) â€Å"Mary, you know, is the greatest nurse I could ever ask for. And she took care of me the way she did ten years before, after the crash. It has been an ideal relationship since I got back†¦Ã¢â‚¬  After reading this book I would say that God is great because, James Irwin had grown up in a Christian home but, never truly followed Christ until he went to space. Afterward, you see a huge difference in his life, and a growth of sincerity with his wife. I learned that I shouldn’t let my achievements or pride get in the away of my walk with God. And I think that James Irwin does a great job of setting that example. I chose this book because I was curious to what it was like to go to space and how it would affect someone if they did. Plus I didn’t really know too much about the Apollo missions and what they did. Some ways that I relate to him is my stubbornness; he was stubborn to his physical welfare, and im stubborn about my points of views. He told the press in his book that he never was physically fatigued while on the moon, but I remember him saying that he was on EVA2. Another way I relate to him is that he loved to fly. James B. Irwin wrote that he was depressed when he had his first heat attack because he couldn’t fly. I liked this book and really enjoyed reading it. I wasn’t too excited at first about reading a biography. But, it turned out to be a great book. A couple of reasons I like â€Å"To Rule The Night† was because of the detail he used to describe going to space, and how the book was geared toured God and trusting Him. One of my favorite parts of the book was when he described the living conditions of living in a no gravity environment. I like it because it’s different and unique; it’s not something you would find in any book. I wouldn’t change anything in the book it is well written and has much detail. I think anyone that is interested in the experiences of few, and how a Christian is suppose to live for Christ, would like this biography of James B. Irwin.

Critical Analysis Alice in Wonderland Research Paper Example

Critical Analysis Alice in Wonderland Research Paper Example Critical Analysis Alice in Wonderland Paper Critical Analysis Alice in Wonderland Paper Essay Topic: Alice in Wonderland The Birthday Party In the next essay, we will discuss Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll and adapted to a play by Anne Coulter Martens. In this retelling of the original story by Lewis Carroll, Anne Coulter Martens shows children the importance of what we say, how we say it, and how you need to study the things around you and, more importantly, yourself. I think Alice in Wonderland is a story that will keep being important for people through years because, more than a simple story, it tells us to be a better person. The story starts when the Cheshire Cat waits for Alice to get down the rabbit hole. The White Rabbit stumbles from it and is scared because he is late and the Queen of Hearts will be mad at him for letting Alice follow him to Wonderland. He runs off and Alice asks Cheshire (or Chessy) for help getting home since it’s her birthday and her parents made a party for her. She starts going around Wonderland, trying to find the Queen of Hearts, since she thinks the Queen will help her get home. On the way, she meets a big, blue caterpillar, a Duchess that has a pig as a baby, Humpty Dumpty, the Mad Hatter, the Hare, and a Dormouse. Then she finds the Queen, and she tells Alice to come with her to play crocket. When Alice follows the Queen’s group to play croquet, she gets lost and meets Tweedledee and Tweedledum. She asks them for directions, but they start fighting. Chessy goes back to lead the way and she arrives at the crocket field. There, everyone plays horribly to let the Queen win so she doesn’t tell the Executioner to behave them. The Knave steals and eats the Queen’s cherry tart, and Alice is accused of the crime. She’s forced to attend a trial where she’s found guilty, but she finally understands Wonderland is a dream. She gets rid of everyone in the trials and says goodbye to Chessy. The setting of the story is Wonderland. The main character is Alice. The author is trying to tell kids that they should be careful about many

Keep Writing to Keep Dreaming and Keep Dreaming to Keep Writing

Keep Writing to Keep Dreaming and Keep Dreaming to Keep Writing Keep writing to keep dreaming and grow as a writer. But keep dreaming, and youll succeed at whatever kind of writing you want to do or need to do. Being a good writer in business or academia or in the publishing world comes from never forgetting the dream. But what techniques and focuses work best to keep you, the writer, on track to achieve your own writing dream?In todays madcap world, we dont stop and rest often. We dont reflect much. We run constantly, always worrying about what is coming next. We have a need to catch up or get ahead of whatever were sure is chasing us through life. In writing, however, constant hurry doesnt work very well. Its important to stop and listen and let the words work, no matter why we need them or how we want to use them. They will work if we give them time to appear and do their job. But how do we do that?Albert Einstein had a technique he used in Zurich, Switzerland, when he was young and first contemplating his theory of relativity, composing those words, and refining its enormous complexities. He made a personal decision to stay away from people for periods of time. Hed leave behind the busyness of everyday life and stay inside his apartment alone, sometimes for days at a time. Hed think deeply, often not talking to anyone. Hed let the ideas flow freely whenever and however they came to him. Hed then compile them and schedule new periods of silence and personal thinking to refine them or create more new ideas.You can be like Einstein. How? By discovering your own best time to be quiet and let your mind flow like his did. You can ponder an idea thats running through your head or retrieve one you had a long time ago. You can think about a piece youve been working on, but is troublesome, for example, the last line of a poem, a character who doesnt make sense or do what you want, a plot point that isnt progressing, or a thesis or journal article or work project that you know isnt quite right yet. You can also just pause for a lo ng moment and absorb the vastness and immenseness of the universe and let your mind work and wander at will as only a mind can. If you let your subconscious practice this technique of exploration, suddenly - BOOM - youll have a great new original idea or an important refinement to perfect what youre working on.How do you enter this meditation mode? Whats the technique? You have to experiment with time and place and atmosphere and find what works best for you. As for me, I tend to slow down when its time to reflect and separate from the world outside. I enter my inner self. Usually, that is either late at night when the days work is done and Im beginning to drift off to sleep or in the morning when Im just waking up. I might be remembering a dream or trying to remember something I saw during the day just passed. Ill lie quietly, very intentionally not focusing on anything in particular. Perhaps Ill let a soft fan run in the background on a warm summers night or let soft jazz play o n my favorite all night radio show, i.e., a saxophone in the cold of winter. Sometimes, however, there will only be the stillness of the night and a darkened room as my companions.In the early morning, my time can be the moment when Im awakening and coming to full consciousness, as the sun peers inside or rain pounds the roof. Its during these remarkable moments that youll sense a new thought floating through your head or multiple thoughts racing and interacting all at once, each wanting your immediate attention. Youll want to identify every single idea or maybe focus on only the most different. But dont try too hard, or youll lose every thought in a sudden burst of awareness you dont want.It helps also to be in touch with your environment. Get in touch with where you are, but let whats around you - the details, the specifics - float free. Let it all fade into immediacy and meditation when you can. Let your subconscious wander for a moment or two no matter where youre at during yo ur day. It will, and it should. Youll be surprised where the mind can go and where it will take you. Soon, an amazing idea or even many amazing ideas that connect will arrive as new wonderful colleagues – sudden and alive and bright and all newly minted for your eyes only. Its then youll need pen and notepad nearby. Both are my best friends as a writer.We all need to stop and step back from what we do in our busiest days and find our own quiet world if only for a few minutes. Its especially important as writers to learn how to let our creative minds work freely without shackles or pressure. We know it can. Each mind works differently and uniquely. Thats the joy of writing, no matter what kind of writing you want to do or have to do.So learn how to be quiet and then be quiet regularly, even in the midst of all the daily noise of life or work that is modern life. Practice the skill of quiet exploration and mediation. Listen to your writing interior until youre comfortable and a t ease with your own personal writing process. Listen to the quiet that is your unique and personal inner person. Then you will use the technique regularly and benefit in amazing ways. Remarkable words and ideas will certainly appear. Youll be amazed at how good these words are†¦ and theyre all uniquely yours.

buy custom Medicinal Marijuana essay

buy custom Medicinal Marijuana essay For thousands of years, marijuana has been used as a prescription for many sicknesses. Presently, it is still used in various states for therapeutic purposes. The medicinal use of marijuana is surrounded by a cloud of social, political, and religious debate, which obscures the facts that should be believed in its treatment. The issue of whether we should legalize marijuana to be a medical option has been widely debated in our community recently. It is an important issue because it concerns the health of the populace at large. This essay considers the arguments against legalizing medicinal marijuana and points to some of the valid reasons for the opposed views. It then puts forward arguments for legalizing medicinal marijuana and the reasons for the proposed views. The controversy surrounding marijuana stems from the legalization of the drug for medical use. Outrageously expressive arguments rage about whether or not marijuana should be considered as a legitimate medicine. The present debate over the medical use of marijuana is in actual fact, a debate over the worth of its medicinal properties relative to the risk posed by its use. But should marijuana be a medical option? Even though scientists and supporters propose for its medical usage, I believe that marijuana should not be used as a medical option. In the 20th century, marijuana has been used more for its ecstatic effects than as a medicine. Why should doctors take a solid stand against the legalization of marijuana? First, marijuana is recorded as Schedule I in federal drug laws, which means that it has no lawful medical use. Second, no medical authority identifies it as an effective treatment for any condition. It may bring some easing effects on patients with extensive list of diseases, medical conditions or symptoms, but scientific evidence is absent. However, it would be extremely unlikely that a responsible physician would prescribe a joint of marijuana to treat depression. The instant danger is that sick people will use marijuana in lieu of authentic medicine; the symptoms will be camouflaged by the psychoactive effects of the drug causing the patient to return to legitimate treatment whilst the time period for treatment has really elapsed. Thirdly, marijuana use has many severe health effects as detailed in the subseque nt paragraphs (McCollum 127). Scientists have confirmed that smoked marijuana, damages the lungs, heart, brain, and immune system. It impairs learning and impedes with judgment, memory and perception. Research has been accumulating lately indicating clearly that marijuana limits the capacity to absorb and preserve information. A 1995 study of college students ascertained that the inability of heavy marijuana limits users to focus, prolong attention, and systematize data for as long as twenty four hours after their last utilization of the drug. Earlier research that compared cognitive capability of adult marijana users with non-using adults, found that marijuana users fall short on memory as well as mathematics and oral skills. Although it has yet to be confirmed conclusively, that heavy marijuana use can cause permanent loss of intellectual capacity, animal studies have confirmed that marijuana damages portions of the brain vital to learning and memory. Mental disorders associated with marijuana use has been recorded in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV and issued by the American Psychiatric Association. These include Cannabis Intoxication Delirium, Cannabis Intoxication, Cannabis Induced Psychotic Disorder, and Cannabis Induced Anxiety Disorder (Golden, Peterson and Haley 63). Marijuana is a hazardous mind-altering drug and is the cause of many mental disorders, including panic attacks, delusions, acute toxic psychosis, flashbacks, depression, depersonalization, uncontrollable aggressiveness, hallucinations, and paranoia. Moreover, for a long time marijuana has been well-known to trigger attacks of mental illness for instance, schizophrenia and bipolar psychosis. In the short term, use of marijuana weakens thinking, perception, learning, memory and judgment. Many physicians have opposed medicinal marijuana since it would increase users and lead to subsequent increases in addiction (McCollum 126). Moreover, smoked marijuana contains cancer-causing compounds and has been involved in a high percentage of crashes and workplace accidents, since, its consequence on coordination, perception, and judgment means that it consequences result to a number of accidents. Marijuana is also associated with gateway behavior leading to more extensive drug use. Currently, there are no controlled studies of marijuana in the AIDS-wasting disease, nor have there been any logical studies of the effects of smoked marijuana on immunological condition in HIV patients. Smoking marijuana has also been correlated with other medical problems. Rapidly accumulating new research has revealed that babies born to women who smoked marijuana during pregnancy have a heightened prevalence of leukemia, low birth weight and other newborn defects. Furthermore, smoking marijuana may compromise ones immunity. In patients with AIDS, marijuana use has been a contributing factor on the heightened growth of both fungal and bacterial pneumonias. Moreover, among HIV positive individuals, marijuana use has been revealed to be a causal factor for the rapid shift from HIV infection to AIDS and the acquirement of opportunistic infections or Kaposis sarcoma, or both (Jamerson 59). Additionally, chronic marijuana smokers are susceptible to contracting bronchial asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, chest and colds. Persistent usage damages the lungs and airways and increases the risk of cancer. There is a high rate of exposure to cancer-causing chemicals from smoking a single marijuana joint to ssmoking five tobacco cigarettes. Moreover, there is proof that marijuana may restrict the ability of the immune system to fight disease and infection. Marijuana also affects hormone since regular use can delay the onset of puberty in young men and lessen sperm production. For women, regular use may interrupt normal monthly menstrual cycles and reduce ovulation. When pregnant women use marijuana, they run the possibility of having smaller babies with lesser birth weights and a high possibility to contract health problems (McCollum 127). The legalization of medical marijuana has been the desire of many citizens in United States for a long time. Supporters and scientists of this view claim that for many critically sick people, medicinal marijuana is the only remedy that relieves their pain and suffering, or treats symptoms of their medical situation, without debilitating side effects. Moreover they argue that marijuana should be relied on since it is valuable and scientifically attested. Supporters also claim that marijuana may be effective in the treatment of pain, nausea resulted consequence of chemotherapy, and weight loss related with AIDS and cancer. They also maintain that marijuana-derived chemicals may improve sleeping problems, MS-related pain, bladder problems and mobility difficulties. Doctors also recommend medical marijuana for easing pain and improving the quality of life for patients who are terminally ill. They also recommend it for other diseases such as multiple sclerosis, insomnia, ADHD, inflammation, epilepsy, glaucoma, chronic pain, migraines, loss of appetite, anxiety, arthritis and Crohn's disease. Opponents of marijuana put forward these ideas because they believe that marijuana is the safest drug with real benefits for the user as compared to alcohol which is unsafe and causes birth defects, addictions, and involves factually every organ in the body (Jamerson 59). However, after hundreds of reports, experiments and studies, there is still no consensus about its medicinal effect. Even though various findings hold that marijuana holds medical value in the treatment of various diseases, it is still illegal for doctors in U.S. to prescribe their patients with marijuana. There is still little evidence that marijuana has medical efficacy. The medical use of marijuana should be supported by scientific evidence rather than ideology. Hence, science and medicine should conclude the question of whether marijuana has any legitimate medical use (McCollum 126). In Conclusion, there are valid reasons why marijuana should not be a medical option. Americans have the right to disagree on the legalization of medicinal marijuana, since it is not safe for medical use. The risks to individuals and the costs to society associated with medicinal marijuana are substantially high. Hence, making an exception for marijuana would create a dangerous precedent in our country at large (McCollum 129). Buy custom Medicinal Marijuana essay